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入住第一天怎么做 Inventory Inspection?拍 100 张照片、视频、书面签字,退房时省下几千块押金

这是最实用的一篇。做好 move-in inspection(入住检验),搬出时能省你几千块。反过来,如果你搬入时没拍照,房东可以随便说这房间如何如何脏,你无法反驳。

真实案例

女生 A 在伦敦租了一个 studio。搬入时觉得 “房间还可以”,没拍照。9 个月后搬出,房东用一份 inventory report 扣了她 £1800,理由是 “deep cleaning required、wall damage、carpet stain”。她完全无法反驳。

女生 B 在同一个大楼租了另一个 studio。搬入当天拍了 200 张照片 + 一个 10 分钟的视频。搬出时房东同样要扣 £1200,但 B 拿出对比照片证明 “这些问题搬入时就有”。最后只被扣 £150(实际需要的清洁费)。

差别是什么?A 做了 zero 记录,B 做了 professional 记录。

Move-In Inspection 的目的

第一步:准备工作(15 分钟)

需要的工具:

提前准备:

第二步:系统化地检查每个区域(1–2 小时)

区域划分

按照以下顺序检查,确保不遗漏:

区域需要检查的项目拍照数量入口 / 走廊地板、墙壁、灯、门把、钥匙数量5–10 张客厅墙壁(颜色、损坏)、地板、窗户、窗帘、电源插座、天花板、灯具15–20 张厨房柜子、台面、贴瓷砖、电器(冰箱、灶、抽油烟机、洗碗机)、水龙头、地板20–30 张卧室墙壁、地板、窗户、衣柜、床架、灯15–20 张浴室浴缸、淋浴间、洗手池、镜子、地板、瓷砖、抽风扇、照明20–25 张其他房间走道、储藏室、阳台/露台5–10 张总体视图每个房间的整体照片(从多个角度)10–15 张

总计:100–150 张照片 — 听起来很多,但只需 1–2 小时。

拍照要点

DO:

DON’T:

第三步:制作 Detailed Written Report(30 分钟)

除了拍照,你还需要一份书面的 inspection report。

格式(范例)

MOVE-IN INSPECTION REPORT Property Address: 123 Main Street, London, E1 4AS Tenant Name: [Your Name] Move-in Date: 20 April 2026 Time of Inspection: 14:00–15:30 Witness/Landlord Present: [Landlord Name] or [Witness 1 Name], [Witness 2 Name]

GENERAL CONDITION: Overall property condition at move-in: [Good / Fair / Poor with specific issues]

ROOM-BY-ROOM REPORT:

  1. ENTRANCE / HALLWAY

    • Floor: [Description, e.g., “Carpet has stain near doorway, approximately 10cm diameter”]
    • Walls: [e.g., “Cream paint, no visible damage except small mark at 1.5m height on left wall”]
    • Door: [e.g., “Lock works, no visible damage”]
    • Lighting: [e.g., “Working”]
    • Issues Found: [List specific issues] Photos: [Reference photo numbers, e.g., “Photos #1-5”]
  2. LIVING ROOM

    • Walls: [Describe color, condition, visible damage]
    • Floor: [Type and condition]
    • Windows: [Condition, functionality]
    • Curtains/Blinds: [Condition]
    • Electrical outlets: [Number and functionality]
    • Lighting: [Working?]
    • Issues Found: [List specific issues with measurements if applicable] Photos: [Reference photo numbers]
  3. KITCHEN

    • Cabinets: [Condition, door alignment]
    • Countertop: [Type, condition, chips/cracks?]
    • Appliances:
      • Refrigerator: [Is it clean? Do shelves work? Freezer icing?]
      • Cooker/Stove: [Do all burners work? Oven?]
      • Dishwasher (if applicable): [Working?]
    • Sink: [Type, functionality, any leaks?]
    • Backsplash: [Condition]
    • Floor: [Type and condition]
    • Issues Found: [List all issues] Photos: [Reference photo numbers]
  4. BEDROOM

    • Walls: [Color and condition]
    • Floor: [Type and condition]
    • Windows: [Condition, functionality]
    • Built-in wardrobes: [Condition, functionality]
    • Lighting: [Working?]
    • Issues Found: Photos: [Reference photo numbers]
  5. BATHROOM

    • Bath/Shower: [Condition, caulk condition, mold?]
    • Toilet: [Working, cleanliness]
    • Sink: [Condition, functionality]
    • Mirror: [Condition, fogging?]
    • Flooring: [Type, condition, mold risk?]
    • Ventilation: [Extractor fan working?]
    • Tiles: [Condition, grout condition]
    • Issues Found: Photos: [Reference photo numbers]
  6. ADDITIONAL AREAS [Any other rooms or features]

SUMMARY OF ISSUES AT MOVE-IN: [List all issues that need to be noted. These should not be deducted from deposit at move-out.]

Issue 1: [Description, location, photo reference] Issue 2: [Description, location, photo reference] …

SIGNATURES: Tenant: ______________________ Date: __________ Landlord/Agent: ______________ Date: __________ Witness 1: __________________ Date: __________ Witness 2: __________________ Date: __________

NOTES: [Any comments or clarifications]

怎么填写

第四步:视频录制(可选但强烈推荐)

除了静态照片,录一个 5–10 分钟的视频 walkthrough。

视频要点

“We’re now entering the living room. As you can see, the left wall has a small mark at approximately 1.5 meters height. The carpet appears to have normal wear…”

优势

第五步:获取房东签名(关键)

完成检查和报告后,务必让房东或见证人签署 inspection report

怎么做

如果房东拒绝签名

第六步:提交给 Deposit Protection Service(英国)

如果你在英国,你可以(也应该)提交一份 inspection report 给第三方押金保护机构(TDS、Mydeposits 等)。

怎么做

好处

后续维护:拍照记录关键变化

搬入后,如果房间发生了重大变化(例如:你不小心打破了一个窗户、烧焦了地板、墙上钉了洞),立即拍照和邮件通知房东

例子

“Hi [Landlord],

I accidentally put a hole in the kitchen wall while hanging a picture. I’ve included photos attached. I’ll arrange for a professional to repair it at my own cost. Please advise on the preferred contractor.

Thanks, [Your Name]”

为什么这样做

搬出时的对比

搬出时,拍同样的照片(从同样的角度、距离、光线),然后对比:

搬入时搬出时判断小标记在左墙 1.5m同一个位置有更大的裂缝你造成的额外伤害,房东可以扣款地板角落有污渍同一个位置污渍未变已存在的问题,房东不能扣款冰箱干净冰箱布满冰层和污渍你造成的,房东可以扣清洁费

完整 Checklist

打印这份清单,搬入时逐项检查:

工具和准备

拍照

书面报告

视频(可选)

后续

最后的建议

把这个过程看作投资。花 2 小时拍照和记录,换回搬出时可能节省的 £500–2000,非常划算。

不要相信 “房间看起来不错,应该没问题”。你看不清的细节(角落、天花板、大型家具背后)可能有很多问题。

专业的检查不是为了抬杠房东,而是为了保护双方。房东也会感激你的细致(因为这证明你很认真对待房屋)。

如果搬入时发现重大问题(例如漏水、电器不工作、霉菌),邮件立即通知房东并要求修复。某些国家的法律保证租客有权住在 “habitable condition” 的房屋里。

最后更新:2026 年 4 月. 如果你在选校阶段想听顾问意见,可以点右下角”留学选校”填一份免费问卷。


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